Understanding the Different Types of Dementia
Dementia can be a confusing word, especially when it is used to describe a wide range of different conditions that affect the brain in different ways.
That is why we have written this guide. Because families deserve clear answers, not medical jargon. Whether you are trying to understand what a diagnosis means, looking for signs to watch out for, or simply trying to make sense of the different types of dementia, this article is here to help.
In the sections that follow, we will explain what dementia actually is, how it affects people differently, and walk you through the most common types of dementia using clear, simple language. Our goal is to help you feel more confident and informed, so that you can make the best decisions for your loved one and for your family. You are not alone in this. And with the right information, you can find the support and care you need.
What Is Dementia, Really?
Dementia is not a single disease. It is a general term used to describe a set of symptoms that affect memory, thinking, behaviour and the ability to carry out everyday activities. These symptoms happen when the brain is damaged by disease or injury. You may have heard people use the terms “Alzheimer’s” and “dementia” as if they mean the same thing. In reality, Alzheimer’s disease is just one type of dementia, although it is the most common.
What many people do not realise is that there are several different types of dementia, each with its own risk factors. Each type affects the brain in slightly different ways and can lead to different symptoms, patterns of progression, and care needs. Understanding the specific type of dementia and its cognitive impairment someone is living with can make a real difference. It can help families make better decisions about treatment, care options, and how best to offer support.
Why Knowing the Type of Dementia Makes a Difference
When someone is diagnosed with dementia, it is natural to feel uncertain about what comes next. But not all dementia is the same, and knowing the specific type and its early symptoms can help you better understand what to expect and how best to support your loved one.
Each form of dementia affects different parts of the brain. This means the symptoms, the speed of progression, and even how someone experiences the world can vary widely from one person to another. For example, someone with Alzheimer’s Disease may begin by forgetting recent conversations, while someone with Lewy Body Dementia may see things that are not there or struggle with movement early on.
This is why understanding the type of dementia matters. Because it allows you to:
Recognise and prepare for specific symptoms
Explore treatment or medication options that are most suitable
Choose the right care setting based on individual needs
Communicate more effectively with doctors and care professionals
Respond with greater empathy and confidence in daily life
More than anything, it gives you clarity. And with clarity comes the ability to plan ahead, ask the right questions and provide care that truly meets the needs of the person you love.
In the next section, we will explain the most common cause of dementia and types — using plain, simple language — so you can begin to understand the key differences and what they may mean for you and your family.
The 7 Most Common Types of Dementia (Explained Simply)
Dementia can take many different forms. Although the symptoms may seem similar at first, the underlying causes, patterns of progression and impact on daily life can vary depending on the type.
In this section, we will explain the seven most common types of dementia. Each one is described clearly and simply, so you can start to recognise the differences — and better understand what your loved one may be going through.
1. Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. It is caused by a build-up of proteins in the brain that damage and destroy brain cells over time.
What it looks like:
Memory loss is usually the first sign. People may forget recent conversations, repeat themselves, or struggle to find the right words. Over time, it can affect thinking, decision-making, mood, and behaviour.
Who it affects:
Mostly people over the age of 65, though younger onset is possible.
What’s important to know:
Alzheimer’s progresses gradually. Early diagnosis can help people plan ahead and access treatment or support that may help with symptoms.
2. Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often due to a stroke or a series of small strokes.
What it looks like:
Symptoms can appear suddenly after a stroke or develop slowly. People may have trouble with concentration, decision-making, and organisation rather than memory loss at first.
Who it affects:
Often older adults with a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes or stroke.
What’s important to know:
Vascular dementia can sometimes be slowed by managing underlying health conditions. Lifestyle changes and medical support can play a key role in care.
3. Dementia with Lewy Bodies
This type of dementia is caused by tiny protein deposits (called Lewy bodies) that develop in the brain and affect how it works.
What it looks like:
Symptoms may include visual hallucinations, sleep disturbances, sudden confusion, and problems with movement such as stiffness or trembling — similar to Parkinson’s disease.
Who it affects:
Usually people over 60. It can progress more quickly than other types of dementia.
What’s important to know:
Lewy Body Dementia can cause fluctuating symptoms — someone may seem alert one day and very confused the next. Certain medications that are safe for other dementias may worsen symptoms, so it is important to work closely with doctors.
4. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Frontotemporal dementia affects the front and side parts of the brain, which are responsible for personality, behaviour, and language.
What it looks like:
People may behave in ways that seem unusual or out of character. They might say inappropriate things, become withdrawn, or lose interest in things they used to enjoy. Language problems, such as struggling to find words or understand conversations, are also common.
Who it affects:
Often begins earlier than other types of dementia — sometimes as early as age 45 to 65.
What’s important to know:
Because memory is not always affected early on, it can be harder to recognise at first. Family members are often the first to notice changes in personality or behaviour.
5. Mixed Dementia
Mixed dementia means that more than one type of dementia is present at the same time — usually Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
What it looks like:
Symptoms can vary widely depending on which types are involved. A person might show signs of memory loss, confusion, poor judgement, and difficulty with movement or communication.
Who it affects:
Most common in people over 75, although it often goes undiagnosed unless a brain scan is done.
What’s important to know:
Treatment focuses on managing the individual symptoms, since no two cases of mixed dementia are the same. Understanding both contributing conditions can help create a more tailored care plan.
6. Parkinson’s Disease Dementia
Parkinson’s disease is a movement disorder, but in later stages it can also lead to dementia.
What it looks like:
People may experience memory problems, slower thinking, hallucinations, and changes in mood or behaviour. This usually happens after years of living with Parkinson’s disease.
Who it affects:
People with a long-standing diagnosis of Parkinson’s, usually in later life.
What’s important to know:
Not everyone with Parkinson’s develops dementia, but when it does happen, it can affect everyday thinking and judgement. Movement issues are often more pronounced than in other types of dementia.
7. Other, Less Common Types of Dementia
There are several other types of dementia that are rarer but still important to be aware of, including:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD): A rare, rapidly progressing form caused by abnormal proteins known as prions
Huntington’s Disease: An inherited condition that affects movement and cognition, often in younger adults
Alcohol-Related Dementia (including Korsakoff’s Syndrome): Linked to long-term heavy alcohol use
What’s important to know:
These types are less common but may require specialist care. If you or someone you love has a diagnosis that is not widely understood, it’s important to seek advice from a dementia specialist or care professional.
How to Spot the Early Dementia Symptoms (And Why You Should)
Recognising the early signs of dementia can be difficult. Many symptoms begin subtly and may be mistaken for normal ageing, stress, or even tiredness. But paying close attention to small changes can make a big difference. The earlier dementia is identified, the sooner someone can receive support, treatment, and the right kind of care. Early diagnosis also gives families more time to plan, make decisions together, and reduce stress in the long term.
Here are some of the most common early signs to look out for across different types of dementia:
Memory Problems
Forgetting recent conversations or events
Asking the same questions repeatedly
Losing items and not being able to retrace steps
Confusion and Difficulty Concentrating
Struggling to follow a conversation
Getting easily distracted or overwhelmed
Becoming confused about time or place
Changes in Mood or Behaviour
Sudden irritability, anxiety or withdrawal
Lack of interest in hobbies or social situations
Saying or doing things that seem out of character
Language and Communication Difficulties
Trouble finding the right words
Repeating themselves often
Pausing frequently during conversations
Difficulty with Daily Tasks
Struggling to follow recipes or instructions
Trouble handling money, bills or appointments
Getting lost on familiar routes
These symptoms of cognitive decline do not always mean someone has dementia, but if they happen regularly or are getting worse, it is worth speaking to a GP or health professional.
Early signs may vary depending on the type of dementia. For example:
In Alzheimer’s, memory loss tends to come first
In Lewy Body Dementia, visual hallucinations or movement issues might appear early
In Frontotemporal Dementia, behaviour or personality changes are often the first clues
The important thing to remember is this: noticing symptoms early can lead to earlier support — and with the right guidance, families can manage the journey ahead with more confidence and care.
Support for Families Navigating Dementia Types
Receiving a dementia diagnosis, whether for yourself or someone you love, can feel overwhelming. You might be dealing with shock, confusion, sadness, or a fear of what lies ahead. These feelings are completely normal.
But one thing is important to remember: you are not alone.
There is support available at every stage of the journey. From practical advice and emotional reassurance to professional care and community resources, help is out there, and it’s okay to ask for it. If you’re not sure what to do next, here are a few steps that can help. You can speak to your GP or memory clinic for guidance on treatment options, further assessments or local support groups. You can also reach out to dementia charities, such as Alzheimer’s Society or Dementia UK, for trusted information and helplines. It's also helpful to talk to care providers early, even if you’re not ready to make any decisions. Understanding the options ahead of time can reduce stress later on.
How Care Homes Can Help
As a care home that supports people living with dementia, we understand how challenging and emotional this time can be. Many families come to us not just for care, but for guidance, someone to answer questions, explain what to expect and help them feel less alone. Whether you’re exploring respite care, looking for long-term support or simply want to talk through your situation, the care home that you're exploring for your loved one will be happy to listen to your questions and concerns.
Living Well with Cognitive Decline
Above all, remember this: dementia may change a person’s memory or behaviour, but it doesn’t take away their need for love, dignity and meaningful connection. And with the right support, families can continue to share joyful moments, even in the face of change.
Dementia, including young onset dementia, is complex, but understanding it doesn't have to be. By learning about the different types of dementia and how they affect people in different ways, you are already taking an important step, not just for your loved one, but for yourself too. Because the more you know, the more confident you’ll feel in making decisions, asking the right questions and finding the support that’s right for your family.
At Thornfield Care Home, we believe in care that starts with understanding. Our team is experienced in supporting people living with many types of dementia, and we’re always here to listen, whether you're looking for guidance, considering future care options or simply need someone to talk to. If you’d like to learn more about how we support families with dementia, please contact us to book a tour of our home.
